HRESULT GetPreviousReading(
    IGameInputReading* referenceReading,
    GameInputKind inputKind,
    IGameInputDevice* device,
    IGameInputReading** reading
);

Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IGameInput> gameInput;
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IGameInputDevice> gamepad;
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IGameInputReading> prevReading;

void PollGamepadInput() noexcept
{
    if (!prevReading)
    {
        if (SUCCEEDED(gameInput->GetCurrentReading(
            GameInputKindGamepad,
            nullptr,
            &prevReading)))
        {
            prevReading->GetDevice(&gamepad);

            // Application-specific code to process the initial reading
        }
    }

    else
    {
        Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IGameInputReading> nextReading;
        HRESULT hr = gameInput->GetNextReading(
            prevReading.Get(),
            GameInputKindGamepad,
            gamepad.Get(),
            &nextReading);

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            // Application-specific code to process the next reading

            prevReading = nextReading;
        }

        else if (hr != GAMEINPUT_E_READING_NOT_FOUND)
        {
            gamepad = nullptr;
            prevReading = nullptr;
        }
    }
}