> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://devdocs.xbox.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # SetPredication > Sets a rendering predicate. Sets a rendering predicate. ## Syntax ```cpp theme={null} void SetPredication( ID3D12Resource pBuffer, UINT64 AlignedBufferOffset, D3D12_PREDICATION_OP Operation ) ``` ### Parameters *pBuffer \[in, optional]*\ Type: ID3D12Resource \* The buffer, as an [ID3D12Resource](/reference/graphics/d3d12_xs/interfaces/ID3D12Resource/id3d12resource_xs), which must be in the [**D3D12\_RESOURCE\_STATE\_PREDICATION**](/reference/graphics/d3d12_x/enums/d3d12_resource_states) or [**D3D21\_RESOURCE\_STATE\_INDIRECT\_ARGUMENT**](/reference/graphics/d3d12_x/enums/d3d12_resource_states) state (both values are identical, and provided as aliases for clarity), or **NULL** to disable predication. *AlignedBufferOffset \[in]*\ Type: UINT64 The aligned buffer offset, as a UINT64. *Operation \[in]*\ Type: D3D12\_PREDICATION\_OP Specifies a [D3D12\_PREDICATION\_OP](/reference/graphics/d3d12/enums/d3d12_predication_op_public), such as D3D12\_PREDICATION\_OP\_EQUAL\_ZERO or D3D12\_PREDICATION\_OP\_NOT\_EQUAL\_ZERO. ### Return value Type: void None. ## Remarks Use this method to denote that subsequent rendering and resource manipulation commands are not actually performed if the resulting predicate data of the predicate is equal to the operation specified. Unlike Direct3D 11, in Direct3D 12 predication state is not inherited by direct command lists, and predication is always respected (there are no predication hints). All direct command lists begin with predication disabled. Bundles do inherit predication state. It is legal for the same predicate to be bound multiple times. Illegal API calls will result in [Close](/reference/graphics/d3d12/interfaces/id3d12graphicscommandlist/methods/id3d12graphicscommandlist_close_public) returning an error, or [ID3D12CommandQueue::ExecuteCommandLists](/reference/graphics/d3d12_x/interfaces/id3d12commandqueue/methods/id3d12commandqueue_executecommandlists) dropping the command list and removing the device. The debug layer will issue errors whenever the runtime validation fails. Refer to [Predication](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/direct3d12/predication) for more information. #### Examples The [D3D12PredicationQueries](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/direct3d12/working-samples) sample uses **ID3D12GraphicsCommandList::SetPredication** as follows: ```cpp theme={null} // Fill the command list with all the render commands and dependent state. void D3D12PredicationQueries::PopulateCommandList() { // Command list allocators can only be reset when the associated // command lists have finished execution on the GPU; apps should use // fences to determine GPU execution progress. ThrowIfFailed(m_commandAllocators[m_frameIndex]->Reset()); // However, when ExecuteCommandList() is called on a particular command // list, that command list can then be reset at any time and must be before // re-recording. ThrowIfFailed(m_commandList->Reset(m_commandAllocators[m_frameIndex].Get(), m_pipelineState.Get())); // Set necessary state. m_commandList->SetGraphicsRootSignature(m_rootSignature.Get()); ID3D12DescriptorHeap* ppHeaps[] = { m_cbvHeap.Get() }; m_commandList->SetDescriptorHeaps(_countof(ppHeaps), ppHeaps); m_commandList->RSSetViewports(1, &m_viewport); m_commandList->RSSetScissorRects(1, &m_scissorRect); // Indicate that the back buffer will be used as a render target. m_commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Transition(m_renderTargets[m_frameIndex].Get(), D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET)); CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE rtvHandle(m_rtvHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart(), m_frameIndex, m_rtvDescriptorSize); CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE dsvHandle(m_dsvHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart()); m_commandList->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &rtvHandle, FALSE, &dsvHandle); // Record commands. const float clearColor[] = { 0.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f, 1.0f }; m_commandList->ClearRenderTargetView(rtvHandle, clearColor, 0, nullptr); m_commandList->ClearDepthStencilView(dsvHandle, D3D12_CLEAR_FLAG_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0, 0, nullptr); // Draw the quads and perform the occlusion query. { CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE cbvFarQuad(m_cbvHeap->GetGPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart(), m_frameIndex * CbvCountPerFrame, m_cbvSrvDescriptorSize); CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE cbvNearQuad(cbvFarQuad, m_cbvSrvDescriptorSize); m_commandList->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLESTRIP); m_commandList->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &m_vertexBufferView); // Draw the far quad conditionally based on the result of the occlusion query // from the previous frame. m_commandList->SetGraphicsRootDescriptorTable(0, cbvFarQuad); m_commandList->SetPredication(m_queryResult.Get(), 0, D3D12_PREDICATION_OP_EQUAL_ZERO); m_commandList->DrawInstanced(4, 1, 0, 0); // Disable predication and always draw the near quad. m_commandList->SetPredication(nullptr, 0, D3D12_PREDICATION_OP_EQUAL_ZERO); m_commandList->SetGraphicsRootDescriptorTable(0, cbvNearQuad); m_commandList->DrawInstanced(4, 1, 4, 0); // Run the occlusion query with the bounding box quad. m_commandList->SetGraphicsRootDescriptorTable(0, cbvFarQuad); m_commandList->SetPipelineState(m_queryState.Get()); m_commandList->BeginQuery(m_queryHeap.Get(), D3D12_QUERY_TYPE_BINARY_OCCLUSION, 0); m_commandList->DrawInstanced(4, 1, 8, 0); m_commandList->EndQuery(m_queryHeap.Get(), D3D12_QUERY_TYPE_BINARY_OCCLUSION, 0); // Resolve the occlusion query and store the results in the query result buffer // to be used on the subsequent frame. m_commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Transition(m_queryResult.Get(), D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PREDICATION, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST)); m_commandList->ResolveQueryData(m_queryHeap.Get(), D3D12_QUERY_TYPE_BINARY_OCCLUSION, 0, 1, m_queryResult.Get(), 0); m_commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Transition(m_queryResult.Get(), D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PREDICATION)); } // Indicate that the back buffer will now be used to present. m_commandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Transition(m_renderTargets[m_frameIndex].Get(), D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT)); ThrowIfFailed(m_commandList->Close()); } ``` See [Example Code in the D3D12 Reference](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/direct3d12/notes-on-example-code).
## Requirements **Header:** d3d12\_xs.h or d3d12\_x.h\ **Library:** d3d12\_xs.lib or d3d12\_x.lib\ **Supported Platforms**: XBOX Series consoles and XBOX One family ## See Also [ID3D12GraphicsCommandList](/reference/graphics/d3d12_xs/interfaces/ID3D12GraphicsCommandList/id3d12graphicscommandlist_xs) [Predication queries walk-through](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/direct3d12/predication-queries) ## Related topics - [D3D12_PREDICATION_OP](/reference/graphics/d3d12/enums/d3d12_predication_op_public.md) - [ClearState](/reference/graphics/d3d12/interfaces/id3d12graphicscommandlist/methods/id3d12graphicscommandlist_clearstate_public.md) - [BeginQuery](/reference/graphics/d3d12/interfaces/id3d12graphicscommandlist/methods/id3d12graphicscommandlist_beginquery_public.md) - [EndQuery](/reference/graphics/d3d12/interfaces/id3d12graphicscommandlist/methods/id3d12graphicscommandlist_endquery_public.md) - [ID3D12QueryHeap](/reference/graphics/d3d12/interfaces/id3d12queryheap/id3d12queryheap_public.md)